Although radiotherapy (RT) is used to treat cancers in the vast majority of cases, it is also efficacious in certain benign conditions with thyroid eye disease (TED) being a classic example. Dr Wong will briefly discuss the underlying mechanisms and the evidence for using RT in TED, as well as its role with respect to other treatment modalities in the management of this disease. He will also outline the potential adverse effects, including retinopathy and second malignancy, with the latter being a rare but much-dreaded complication. Finally, he will discuss how RT planning is done, and the multidisciplinary collaboration between different specialties at the Prince of Wales Hospital.